What is the result of defining a class method without "self"?

When a class method is defined without the "self" parameter, it can indeed be called, but it will not have access to instance attributes. The absence of "self," which is the conventional first parameter for instance methods in Python, means that the method does not have access to the instance of the class and therefore cannot reference or modify instance variables.

Though the method can still be called on an instance of the class, it will operate independently of any specific instance and can only access class-level attributes (if defined) or other static methods. This characteristic defines the behavior of instance methods as opposed to methods defined without the "self" parameter, which exclude instance context.

The other options do not accurately reflect the outcome of defining such a method. A method without "self" is callable and does not lead to an error during instantiation, nor does it automatically convert to a static method; rather, it remains an instance method but lacks context for instance variables.