Which of the following are object-oriented design principles?

The correct answer emphasizes key object-oriented design principles, particularly the Open/Closed Principle and the Single Responsibility Principle.

The Open/Closed Principle suggests that software entities (like classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension but closed for modification. This means that the behavior of a module can be extended without changing its source code, which promotes maintainability and reduces the risk of introducing bugs. It encourages developers to write code that can incorporate new functionalities or changes with ease.

The Single Responsibility Principle states that a class should have only one reason to change, meaning it should have one job or responsibility. This principle enhances cohesion within the code, making it easier to maintain, test, and understand because each class has a specific focus and purpose.

Together, these principles guide developers in creating software that is easier to maintain, understand, and enhance over time, which are vital qualities in object-oriented programming.

While the other choices mention important concepts in software design, they do not specifically define core object-oriented design principles in the same way that Open/Closed and Single Responsibility do. Concepts like Modularity and Flexibility are important but are more general software engineering principles rather than specifically rooted in object-oriented design philosophy. Similarly, Inheritance and Encapsulation are fundamental aspects